6^th Annual Conference on Diabetes and Endocrinology September 26-27, 2022 Amsterdam, Netherlands

The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones that helps to control numerous important body functions, including the body's capability to change calories into energy that powers cells and organs. The endocrine system influences how your heart beats, how your bones and apkins grow, indeed your capability to make a baby. It plays a vital part in whether or not you develop diabetes, thyroid complaint, growth diseases, sexual dysfunction, and a host of other hormone- related diseases.

Central obesity as well as obesity is generally associated with the physiological changes, it may cause the development of diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease, high blood cholesterol and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is defined as the failure of the body to regulate and control the blood sugar levels. Obesity is a complex disease which is related with a number of comorbidities, exaggerated mortality, reduced quality of life. With the rise of obesity among the adult population, the cost burden is predicted to increase substantially: the combined medical costs associated with the treatment of obesity-related diseases, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

Diabetes is a kind of disease in which the body does not produce sufficient insulin, doesn’t use the insulin properly that is produced, or show a combination of both. When any of these things happens, then the body is unable to get sugar from the blood into the cells. That leads to high blood sugar levels. Glucose, in the form of sugar found in your blood, is one of the major energy sources. A shortage of insulin or resistance to insulin causes sugar to build up in your blood. This can lead to many health problems. Symptoms of Diabetes are increased thirst, frequent urination, Extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss and many more.
    • Type 1 diabetes
    •  Type 2 diabetes
    •  Prediabetes
    •  Gestational Diabetes
    •  Genetic Diabetes           

The main complications of diabetes are because of damage in small blood vessels include damage to the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Damage to the eyes, known as diabetic retinopathy, is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina of the eye, and can produce gradual vision loss and eventual blindness. Diabetes also increases the possibilities of having glaucoma, cataracts, and other eye problems. It was suggest that people with diabetes visit an eye doctor every year. Damage to the kidneys, known as diabetic nephropathy, can lead to tissue scarring, urine protein loss, and eventually chronic kidney disease, sometimes it needed dialysis or kidney transplantation. Damage to the nerves of the body, known as diabetic neuropathy, is the most frequent complication of diabetes. The signs that include numbness, tingling, pain, and altered pain sensation, which can lead to damage of the skin. Diabetes that linked with foot problems (such as diabetic foot ulcers) arises, and can be difficult to treat, sometimes it requiring amputation. Also, proximal diabetic neuropathy causes painful muscle atrophy and weakness.
   •  Diabetic Angiopathy
   •  Diabetic Ketoacidosis
   •  Diabetic Neuropathy
   •  Diabetic Osteopathy
   •  Diabetes and Obesity 
   •  Diabetes and Dermatological Problems
   •  Diabetic Foot and Ankle

An autoimmune disease that occurs when T cells attack and destroy most of the beta cells in the pancreas that are require to produce insulin, so that the pancreas makes insufficient insulin (or no insulin). Without the capacity to make suitable amount of insulin, the body is incapable to metabolize blood glucose (sugar), to use it efficiently for energy and toxic acids (called keto acids) increase in the body. There is a genetic tendency to Type 1 diabetes. The disease inclines to occur in childhood, adolescence or early adulthood (before age 30) but it might have its medical attack at any age. The symptoms of type 1 diabetes characteristically appear unexpectedly, even though the damage to the beta cells may be initiated very earlier and progress slowly and silently.
  •  Immune-mediated diabetes
  •  Idiopathic diabetes
  •  Causes & Symptoms
  •  Risk Factors

Type 2 diabetes, the most often type of diabetes, is a disease which be found when your blood glucose or blood sugar, is too high. Blood glucose emerges as your main source of energy and comes mostly from the food that you eat. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose comes into your cells to be used for energy. In type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t make sufficient insulin or doesn’t use insulin well. Too much glucose then stays in your blood, and not much reaches to your cells. Type 2 can be caused by Being overweight, Eating a lot of foods or drinks with sugar and simple carbohydrates, Artificial sweeteners.
   •  Causes & Symptoms
   •  Risk Factors
   •  Prevention
   •  Diagnosis & Treatment

Prediabetes is a component of the metabolic syndrome and is marked by higher blood sugar levels that fall below the limit to diagnose diabetes mellitus. It generally fails to   cause symptoms but people with Prediabets often have obesity (especially abdominal or visceral obesity), dyslipidaemia with high triglycerides and/or low HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. It is also connected with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prediabets is more accurately examined an early stage of diabetes as health complications associated with type 2 diabetes frequently occur before the diagnosis of diabetes. There is a high rate of advancement to type2 diabetes but not everyone with Prediabetes develops type2 diabetes. Prediabets can be a convertible condition with lifestyle changes. Prediabets typically has no distinct signs except the sole sign of high blood sugar. Patients should monitor for signs   of type 2 diabetes mellitus such as increased thirst, increased urination, and feeling tired.
    •  Causes & Symptoms
    •   Risk Factors
    •   Associated Complications
    •   Prevention
    •   Diagnosis & Treatment     
    •   Medication
    •   Pediatric Diabetes Research
    •    Lifestyle Changes

Diabetic treatment intention to keeping blood glucose levels close to the normal range. This treatment should be specific to each and every distinct person depending on the type of diabetes one is having. While Type 1 diabetes is usually treated with insulin, Type 2 diabetes generally requires management with diet and exercise. A variety of anti-diabetic medication, insulin treatment, transplants, surgery and herbal remedies are available that should be coupled with planned diet, physical exercise and blood glucose screening for effectively treating diabetes.     
   •  Artificial pancreas
   •  Insulin pumps
   •  Continuous glucose monitoring
   •  Blood Glucose Monitors

Insulin therapy need close monitoring and a great deal of patient education, as improper administration is quite dangerous. For example, when food consumption is reduced, less insulin is required. A previously allowable dosing may be too much if less food is consumed causing a hypoglycaemia reaction if not intelligently adjusted. Exercise reduces insulin requirements as exercise increases glucose uptake by body cells whose glucose uptake is controlled by insulin, and vice versa. In addition, there are various types of insulin with varying times of onset and duration of action.
   • Short acting insulin
   • Rapid acting insulin analogs
   • Intermediate acting insulin
   • Long acting insulin

With the growing awareness and information regarding preventive measures for fighting fatal disease like diabetes, consumers are choosing for proper food along with medicines. One can improve the health in a great way by making slight changes to the diet, while still enjoying the favourite food items and taking pleasure from the meals. A diabetes diet is simple healthy eating schedule that is high in nutrients, low in fat, and moderate in calories. Manufacturers are now anxious towards Diabetes Nutrition on introducing new low calorie food products with sugar substitutes and less oil, in view of the involving consumer interest toward healthy eating and help to prevent diabetes and its concomitant risk factors.
   •  Diabetic diet
   •  Low-Carbohydrate Diet
   •  Weight-loss Diet
   •  Essential Macronutrients
   •  Dietary Fibre
   •  Reading Food Labels
   •  Foods to Avoid

With the help of few medical tests and by using medical devices we can diagnosis diabetes and pre diabetes. The fasting plasma glucose test will measure your blood glucose levels after you had been gone at least 8 hours without eating. This test is acclimated to detect pre diabetes or diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance method measures your blood sugar after you have gone at least 8hrs without eating and 2hrs after you drink a glucose including beverage. This test can be habituated to diagnose pre diabetes and diabetes. Diabetes can be diagnosis by Random plasma glucose test, in this procedure your doctor calculate your blood sugar without consider to when you ate your last meal. This test, together with an assessment of signs, is used to diagnose diabetes, but not pre diabetes.
   • Weight loss
   • Healthy eating
   • Regular exercise
   • Insulin therapy
   • Blood sugar monitoring